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Harappa and Mohenjodaro in the History of India |
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Harappa and Mohenjodaro in the History of India is the most important clue about the beginning of civilization. Both the cities are part of the Indus Valley Civilization that is one of the ancient civilizations in the world. Mohenjodaro is a World Heritage Site declared by the UNESCO. The cities are believed to be built in 2600 BCE. Both Harappa and Mohenjodaro are located in Pakistan. Harappa and Mohenjodaro in the History of India are the first planned cities that were resided by people, who were very successful in trade and commerce along with agriculture. Mohenjodaro was rediscovered by Sir John Marshall in the year 1920s.
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After discovering the site it was excavated by many noted historians who gained many important artifacts that are displayed at the museums. The excavations revealed that the city was planned very scientifically and developed too.
Harappa too had the same structure of planning and development in the city. The excavations revealed the entire houses and other structures of the city. It is seen from the excavations that there are proper drainage systems along with public baths. The civilization was educated and cultured people as there are traces of it in the seals and coins found from the sites. It has been found that the Dravidian language was spoken by the people. Harappa and Mohenjodaro in the History of India has brought about a change in the governance as there are evidences of proper governance and other organizational skills. The city had separate burial grounds that were very simple and the burials were not very elaborate like other customs or civilizations of the world. The people of the Harappa and Mohenjodaro civilization gave burials with only few necessary articles which they thought would need in the next life.
The scripts were written on stone tablets. The people of Harappa and Mohenjodaro knew the use of precious metals like silver, copper, bronze, gold. The crops produced by the Harappa and Mohenjodaro in the History of India are wheat, barley, sesame, peas and melons. Cloth was first made from cotton and the use of ivory too was known to them. The people of Harappa and Mohenjodaro in the History of India were religious too. The seals and coins found had pictures of the gods and goddess carved on them. Pottery was one of the main occupation as there were many kinds of utensils, pots and pans excavated from the ruins. There are sculptures made on stones in major. There are bronze and pottery figures too.
There is no evidence to ascertain about the downfall of this civilization. It is believed by the experts that the Harappa and Mohenjodaro in the History of India faded due to floods, famine or fire. The most common notion is that the civilization was destroyed due to some natural calamity. Both the cities were close to the river hence there are possibilities of floods in the city that may have destroyed it. Another common belief about the destruction of this most advanced civilization is that the Aryans invaded and destroyed the culture and the city.
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